A Company Using Various Project Evaluation Techniques - 2200 Words

A Company Using Various Project Evaluation Techniques (Case Study Sample) Content: NameInstructorCourseDateFinancial Decision MakingQuestion 1(a)PV=FV/(1+r)^n =FV(1+r)^-nWhere;r=interest raten=number of yearsFV=Future ValuePV=Present ValueAnd;r= 8%/2=4%n=5*2=10Therefore, PV=1000(1+0.04)^-10=675.56PV of annuity=FV(1-(1/(1+r)^n))/r=FV(1-((1+r)^-n))/r= 40(1-((1+0.04)^-10))/0.04=324.44Therefore, the current market price=675.56+324.44= $1,000(b)PV=FV/(1+r)^n=FV(1+r)^-nr= 10%n=5=1000(1+0.10)^-5=620.92PV of annuity=FV(1-(1/(1+r)^n))/r=FV(1-((1+r)^-n))/r= 40(1-((1+0.10)^-5))/0.10=151.63Therefore, the current market price=620.92+151.63= $772.55(c)PV=FV/(1+r)^n =FV(1+r)^-nr= 6%n=5=1000(1+0.06)^-5=747.26PV of annuity=FV(1-(1/(1+r)^n))/r=FV(1-((1+r)^-n))/r= 40(1-((1+0.06)^-5))/0.06=168.49Therefore, the current market price=620.92+151.63= $915.75(d)The rate of interest is inversely proportional to the value of the bond. If the interest rate is low, then the value of the bond will be high and vice versa. Some of the factors that determine the degree of interest r ate risk are inflation rate and the demand and supply forces. A rise in the demand for loans will improve interest rates and vice versa. Similarly, if the supply of credit is high, then the interest rates will reduce and vice versa. Also, an improvement in inflation rate will force investors to demand for an increase in the interest rates to compensate the purchasing power of money.Question 2(a)EOQ=((2*Co*D)/Ch)^1/2Where;EOQ=economic order quantityCo=ordering costD=annual demandCh=carrying costEOQ=((2*4*10,000)/0.4)^1/2 = 447.21 Kg(b)Number of orders = Yearly demand / EOQ= 10,000 / 444.21 = 22.51Time between the orders placed = the number of yearly working days / number of orders placed= 200 / 22.51 = 8.88 daysTherefore, the frequency of placing the orders is 8.88 days(c)Reorder point = (daily usage*lead time) + safety stock=daily spend= D/yearly working days=10,000/200= 50KgReorder point = (50*14)+100=800KgTherefore, the amount to be reordered = 800Kg 447.21 Kg= 352.79 KgQuestion 3(a)The Australian firm will face several risks relating to the debt security. The first risk is the currency exchange rate risk, which is the difference in the spot exchange rate between the two currencies. In mitigating the risk, the owner will use a financial instrument such as FX option that gives the purchaser the right but not the obligation to buy or sell a security at a predetermined exchange rate (Charvin et al. 15). Also, the issue will be faced will call back risk in case the interest rate of the security falls. Borrowers will pay the existing cheaper loan and repurchase the available securities at a cheaper market price. Controlling the risk involves putting a condition when they are being issued that they will only be exercised at maturity. The condition will prevent calling back the bond before it matures to take advantage of a reduction in its price. To add, the instrument may face volatility risk (Dotsis, George and Nikolaos 489). The risk involves the changes in pri ces of the debt instrument, which is difficult to forecast andit is applicable to prepayment, call, and put option. Volatility risk can be reduced through diversification where a group of assets are created to so that if the price of one security changes, then the other security prices will remain stable.(b)A company can be financed through debt or equity. Debt financing involves the use of collateral or guarantor to obtain the funds required. The method involves repaying the principle amount together with the accumulated interest amounts over the period, which makes it costly than equity financing. Debt financing has a lot of risks attached to it. The risks include changes in inflation rate in a country due to dynamic economic situations. A change in inflation rate interferes with the future forecasted prices of the security that can make it expensive or cheaper. Contrarily, equity financing is cheaper. It involves receiving funds from the public through issuing securities such as shares. The owners of equity finance are known as shareholders and they receive dividends and capital gains from their investments (Coleman et al.108). Similarly, equity financing has risks attached to it. For instance, when new shares are issued, the number of owners increases which reduces the voting power of the existing shareholders. Voting power is the right to make decisions in a company and it is determined by the number of shares allocated to an individual investor. Those who own more shares have a higher voting power than those who own few shares. Therefore, an individual with more shares will make most of the firms decisions.Question 4(a)Wombat Pty Ltd Income statement for the Year Ended 30 June 2017 sales 1,500,000 Less cost of sales 800,000 Less expenses Interest payment 60,000 Operating expenses 300,000 Total Expenses 360,000 -360,000 Gross profit 1,940,000 Less depreciation -80,000 Net Profit 1,860,000 (b)Wombat Pty Ltd Statement of Financial Position for the Year Ended 30 June 2017 Assets Fixed Assets Buildings and Plants 1,000,000 Less Depreciation 80,000 Less accumulated depreciation 240,000 680,000 Current Assets Borrowings 100,000 cash 200,000 Account receivables 450,000 Inventory 330,000 Prepayments 200,000 Total Assets 1,960,000 Liabilities Non-current liabilities Mortgage loan 400,000 Long-term debt security 200,000 Current liabilities Account payables 180,000 Total Liabilities 780,000 Total Assets and Liabilities 2,740,000 Equity Ordinary Shares 500,000 Retained earnings 1,860,000 Total Equity 2,360,000 Question 5(a)Risk return rate = beta(market rate risk free rate) + risk free rate= 1.5(0.08-0.03) + 0.03 = 0.105*100=10.50%ABC Shipping Asia Ltds has 3 sources of financing: * Ordinary Shares. * Preference Shares * DebenturesThe market values of the three sources of finance are given as follows:Ordinary Shares= 45,000,000Preferred Shares= 5,000,000Debentu res=10,000,000Total Market Value =MV of ordinary shares + MV of preference shares + MV of debt (debentures)Therefore, total MV = 45,000 + 5,000,000 + 10,000,000 = 60,000,000WACC = Weighted cost of ordinary shares + Weighted cost of preference shares + Weighted cost of debt.Weighted cost for Common SharesWeighted cost of ordinary shares = Cost of ordinary shares (Kc) * Weight of common shares (MV of common shares / Total MV)The total number of ordinary Shares=45,000,000/1=45,000,000The cost of equity is assumed to be the required rate of return from investment, which is 10.50%Hence, the cost of common shares = 10.50%The weight of ordinary shares =45,000,000/60,000,000=0.75Weighted cost of ordinary shares= 10.50% * 0.75=0.07875Weighted cost of common stock=0.07875Weighted Cost for Preference SharesWeighted cost of preference shares = cost of preference shares (Ke) * Weight of preference shares (MV of preference shares / total MV)Weight= 5,000,000/60,000,000=0.0833Cost of preference sh ares =12%Weighted cost for preference shares= 12%*0.0833=0.009996Weighted cost for preference share=0.009996Weighted Cost for DebtWeighted cost of debt = cost of debt (Kd) * Weight of debt (MV of debt / total MV)Cost of debt (kd)= interest(1-t)/MV=10% of 10,000,000(1-0.30)/10,000,000=0.07Weight= 10,000,000/60,000,000=0.16667Weighted cost for debt=0.07* 0.1667=0.011667Weighted cost for debt=0.011667Therefore, Total WACC=Weighted cost of ordinary shares + Weighted cost of preference shares + Weighted cost of debt = 0.07875+0.009996+0.011667=0.100413=10.04%b(1)We assume that the vessels are sold at the tenth year at the prevailing market price. Therefore, the market prices at the tenth year will be the residual value of the assets. However, the assets are depreciated on a straight line.Therefore, depreciation = (cost-residual value)/useful lifeDepreciation for project 1 = (15-2.5)/20=0.625 yearly

Reducing Mental Health Stigma - 1854 Words

Reducing Mental Health Stigma As a member of college society, what are you doing to prevent mental health stigma? We live in the world where it is a great deal to be accepted by others and get approved, and college is the place where most students rush to get this acceptance. It is a beginning of independence and new experiences for students. Most students leave their house and start the first step of building a whole new future; no parents are there to tell them what is right and what is wrong, what should be done and when it should be done. Students start to become responsible and make better decisions for themselves. This change in part of life comes along with a lot of negative consequences. Like educational stress, part-time jobs, and additional accountability and responsibility of students in making decisions what the society believes is the best. These relatively new changes in life cause a lot of students to suffer mental illnesses such as depressions, anxieties, different disorders, and stresses. Even though having a mental illness is a big problem for college students the stigma they experience from the college community causes a big psychological and physical damage, directly and indirectly. Directly it affects their social interactions and involvement in the community, and indirectly it affects their self-esteem. While we expect stigma to be less among the educated and young generation, it turns out that mental health stigma is more common and frequent amongShow MoreRelatedReducing Mental Health Stigmas1195 Words   |  5 PagesReducing Mental Health Stigmas According to the National Alliance of Mental Health, 1 in 5 adults in the United States of America experience mental illness in a given year (NAMI, 2017). Out of those adults, not all will seek out mental health services. If there are services in the community being offered, why are the services not utilized more often by these individuals? There may be many barriers that preventRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness1602 Words   |  7 Pages21st centuries have seeked to improve care and reduce stigma around those with mental illness. This began in 1942, when Harry Truman signed the National Mental Health Act, which requested the formation of a National Institute of Mental Health. Shortly after this, in 1949, the National Institute of Mental Health was established (â€Å"National Institute of Mental Health†). During the company’s 60 year lifespan they have focused on research about mental illness, educating the public, and improving the livesRead MorePostnatal Depres sion ( Pnd ) Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesPostnatal depression (PND) is an isolating and debilitating mental health disorder that effects an estimated 13-15% of new mothers within one year post-delivery (CDC, 2008; Gaynes et al., 2005). PND can be experienced as a vast array of symptoms such as anhedonia, excessive crying, mixed anxious mood, sleep disturbance, and even suicidality (Kantrowitz-Gordon, 2013). Further, mothers with PND typically report difficulty bonding with their infant and a reduced ability to express love and warmth (LetourneauRead MoreThe Stigma of Mental Illness1656 Words   |  7 Pagesclinical diagnosis might exacerbate the stigma of mental illness. In Corrigan’s study clinical diagnosis adds groupness for the collection of people with mental illness which worsens the level of prejudice (Corrigan 34). Corrigan states that this ultimately leads to overgeneralization, as there is an assumption that all individuals diagnosed with the same mental disord ers behave the same way (Corrigan 34). According to Corrigan the stereotypic description of mental illness perceives to the public thatRead MoreEffects Of Stigma Toward Mental Illnesses1711 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Mental illness is one of the most stigmatized medical conditions in society. People diagnosed with mental illnesses experience a difficult social life, where most of the community members harbor prejudicial attitudes toward them. Undoubtedly, having a mental illness profoundly affects how an individual interacts with the rest of the community in various issues. More often than not, the social consequences of mental disorders are negative since persons with the illness are naturallyRead MoreTragedy of Tormented Teenagers: Mental Illness Hits One in Four1429 Words   |  6 PagesMany young Australians suffer from mental illness and are exposed to serious risk of harm. It is found that more than one in four teenagers suffer a mental illness and most are not identified or treated (Mcdougall, 2013). 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If people today would talk about mental illness more, that communication could lead those suffering from mental illness to feel asRead MoreThe Stigma Associated With Mental Health1641 Words   |  7 PagesMost people with mental health illness feels diminished, devalued, and fearful because of the prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviours that society held towards them. The stigma associated with mental health illness often marginalized and disenfranch ises the affected individuals and families in the society, which means that they â€Å"may experience discrimination in areas of health care, employment, education, justice, and housing†(1). The feeling of fear to be discriminated against limitedRead MoreAlicia Kate O. Borja. English 27 A. Andre Dominic Peralta.1260 Words   |  6 PagesAlicia Kate O. Borja English 27 A Andre Dominic Peralta Reducing Stigma in Mental Health Conditions Background on Mental Health Mental Health is often used as a representation of mental health conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, schizophrenia, and others. According to the World Health Organization (2016), mental health is a state of well-being wherein an individual has the capacity to realize his or her own potential, can manage with the normal stresses of life, can work efficientlyRead MoreMental Health And The Media982 Words   |  4 PagesMental Health and the Media Mental illness in general carries an enormous stigma. People have respect for and take seriously physical ailments but when it comes to mental illness there is still immense discrimination. The stigma that comes from having a mental disorder such as, bi-polar depression, schizophrenia, or panic disorder comes with an enormous societal cost and can cause people not to talk about it. They may feel ashamed, embarrassed or fear stigma. Not seeking treatment causes people living

Christmas Carol Essay - 744 Words

Christmas Carol How does Charles Dickens convey the character of scrooge in the early pages of a Christmas Carol? Charles Dickens, is best known for his host of distinctively cruel, repugnant characters. His father was sent to a Debtors prison taken his son Charles with him maybe this is where some of the ideas for characters came from. After a few years, Dickens left the prison to work in a blacking factory. Dickens started writing in prosperous Victorian England, where only the rich were cared for. He grew up seeing what the poor people had to experience and how they had to live in this world. The technique the writer uses is of a physical appearance. Describing Scrooge he gives the readers an idea of what he looks†¦show more content†¦The author tells us directly what Scrooge is, â€Å" A tight-fisted hand at the grindstone. Scrooge! A squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner.† This is a very good description by Dickens showing us how horrible Scrooge is, Dickens doesn’t stop after a few lines he continues until the reader clearly gets the point. To express Scrooge’s meanness Dickens uses harsh words saying that â€Å"Scrooge liked to edge his way along the crowded paths of life, warning all human sympathy to keep its distance.† This shows that the human race didn’t like Scrooge. The author describes Scrooge by putting plenty of feelings into the lines. Dickens describes Scrooge with feeling in the line, â€Å"Oh! But he was a tight fisted hand at the grindstone.† This suggests that Scrooge makes people work very hard and doesn’t give them a lot in return. Another way Dickens uses to dramatise Scrooge’s unpleasantness is by showing how the other characters react to him and him to them. If he is asked a question the answer is always No. He never reacts with kindness or politeness to other characters. Scrooge’s nephew is one of the few characters who makes an effort to be pleasant to him, but Scrooge is always nasty to him. When Christmas is mentioned Scrooge becomes especially cross. The time that Dickens has chosen, Christmas, is perfect for showing just how mean and nasty Scrooge is. Scrooge hates Christmas and he also hates to seeShow MoreRelatedSummary Of A Christmas Carol 11802 Words   |  48 PagesA Christmas Carol Setting There are multiple locations and time periods to this play.There is no set country so no accents are needed. The narration takes place in a living room during a storm and a black out in the modern times( 2000-now). Scrooges’ story takes place in the 1920’s (depression era),The Spirits bring him back to 1900’s,and the â€Å"future† maybe 5 years ahead from the main story. 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One of Dickenss earliest published works was a defense of this holiday against its enemies, both religious, and irreligious. The former objected to the pagan unseemliness of feasting and frolicking in celebration of the birth of Christ. The latter objected toRead MoreScrooge in A Christmas Carol2375 Words   |  10 Pages In a time in which the significance of Christmas gradually started to change, Charles Dickens, in accordance with these changes, wrote a Christmas tale: A Christmas Carol. The novella was published six days in advance of the Christmas celebrations of 1843; it was sold out three days later. Although a socially engaged narrative, Dickens’ work is not occupied with trivialities such as the introduction of Christmas cards; instead A Christmas Carol focuses on the transforming beliefs and valuesRead MoreEbenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesDiscuss the ways in which Charles Dickens presents the character of Ebenezer Scrooge as being central to the moral message of A Christmas Carol. In the text ‘A Christmas Carol’, the author Charles Dickens presents the character of Ebenezer Scrooge as central to the moral message in a number of different ways. To identify this, a number of different aspects within the text shall be looked at. These include the morals of the story and the affects of this. The way Ebenezer Scrooge is portrayedRead MoreThe Case Of A Christmas Carol1339 Words   |  6 Pagesmarriage and gender roles. 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Event and Development-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Write anEssayWhichIdentifies And Critically Discussesthe Range Of Events Held in a City, District or Region and their Impact on the Economy, Culture and Environment of that Location. Answer: The essay discusses the range of events that take palce in Australia annually and their impact on Australian economy, culture as well as environment. The events are motivators of tourism which contributes in the countrys inclusive development. The event industry in Australia is affluent as well as dynamic and has gown suggestively in the last decades. The government has also supported this industry as it is demonstrating capabilities of inclusive growth. The main purpose of this assessment is to identify the events and critically analyse the relationship between event industry and regional growth. Australia is a land of festivals and events because it offers space for different culture and ethnicity. It is a land of different aboriginal tribes who have different cultural and community events. Some of these events are- Big Day Out: it is an event that is arranged to welcome the new year. It is an annual music festival that is held in the main five cities of Australia in summer of January and February. The cities are Sydney, Melbourne, Perth, Adelaide and Gold Coast. Sculpture by the Sea: it is an annual sculpture exhibition where hundreds of international, regional and interstate artists participate annually. Billions of people across the globe visit Australia during spring. Melbourne Cup: it is Australias most prominent annualThoroughbred horse race. This event has a long tradition since 1861therefore, it is a popular spectator event attended by 110,000 national and international visitors. Australian Day: it is a national festival of Australia. This celebration reflects diverse society, as well as landscape of Australia that usually marked by community events. Woodford Folk Festival: this festival is a cultural and music festival arranged in a semi-rural town of Australia, Woodford. The festival features a broad range of nationalities, musical genres and performance style. It is an initiative underpinned by environmentalism and dedicated to the arts and humanities of folklore. Significant growth of event industry: Over the last decade, events in Australian society has gained growing significant attribute. The reasons are chiefly the governments participation as well as needed support to the events and rapid development and contribution to the tourism industry. These events have proved to be beneficial to the economic development of the country. The increasing awareness of optimistic economic effect of event industry has contributed engagement and active participation of the Australian government. There has been a strong relationship between the festivals and government in order to confirm best opportunitto support the industry and economic growth (Morey et al. 2016). The government has been thinking about the best available alternatives for proving appropriate situation as well as priorities. Government policy priority is important to provide a transparent structure to the governmental activities regarding investment for events. Local and regional government policies and the events are actively interrelated with each other. There are widespread and collaborative stakeholders entry (Glassett 2014). Positive economic affect has always been the governments priority. Before participation as well as supporting the events the government judge the community and economic benefits. Therefore, it provides all global and domestic services to sustain this event industry. Tourism has always been a driving force to events and its rapid growth. Numerous special festivals in Australia boosts the event industry as well as tourism value. The influence and significance of event tourism grab a lot of international attraction (At, Unur and Grsoy 2016). In regard to sports various sports events overlap with tourism and increase sport involvement and it is widely expanding. The growth of tourism programs as well as policies, have also affected the regional development. Therefore, it is needed to design a supremely targeted festival tourism on the basis of significant knowledge and market research. The event industry is closely related to the radical growth in Australia. Economic development: The events celebrated in Australia has a great and far reaching improvement on its economy. Economic impact is one of the chief reasons of organising events. These are strategically planned to bring money in the economy, boost financial growth and displays destinations to the underlying visitor (Mahadevan 2017). These events encompass a series of associated industry and improve a strong brand. The events spread seasonality for the tourism in Australian region as well as distribute the money into the respective region. It also creates opportunity for full time employment. Events industry has proved to be a resource financial development. For example, the Food and Wine Festival in Melbourne has proved to be an economic success due to its great impact on the regional economy. The rate of attendance of the tourists and general employments at these events is increasing annually (Pappas 2016). Community, cultural and business events are strong economic driving force in Australia. It has been encouraging workers for increasing productivity as well as preferable outcomes. These permit for the citys enhanced economy as well as advanced benefit. The Events industry has proved to increase tax receipts as well as creating jobs. The revenue produced through sport events industry has been growing consistently (Phipps 2016). chief sport events like AFL grand final and Sydney Yacht Race influence a lot on the regional economy through direct expenditure of visitors associated to these events and Australia takes complete advantage of such positive commercial effects of travel arising from chief sport events. Social and cultural development: The events are symbol of cooperation, synergy and teamwork. Planning and execution of events especially those are cultural, social and religious need direct involvement of the community. It yields a lot of cultural and social benefits (Papavasileiou et al. 2017). According to cross sectional studies, involvement in social events offers optimistic psychological influence like better sense of belonging and purpose of existence. The people coming to attend different cultural events in Australia, boosts the regions social engagement, cultural pride, community knowledge (Wise 2013). On the other hand, they also get influenced by the different cultural and artistic perspectives of Australian citizens. Events and festivals that are organised in the Aboriginal and Torris Islanders tribal communities provide the community members opportunities engagement in socialization and establishing social networks. This involvement contributes to the encouragement of community bonding and sodality as well as the social structure of the community. Environmental development: The Australian event organizers both in the private as well as public sector, are aware of the environmental such as infrastructure, revitalisation and sustainable impact of the events. The Woodford folk festival in Queensland and Peats Ridge Sustainable Arts and Music Festival in new South Wales, record sustainability to the festival sector (Maussier 2017). They take initiatives like treating the sewerage and grey water, reduction of wastes to landfills through processes like recycling, composting finally eliminating usage of non-biodegradable products, usage of renewable fuels (Yolal et al. 2016). The festivals also encourage use of public transports that proved to have positive effect on the culture, environment and society. Therefore, it can be concluded that the event industry of Australia has close connection with development. By appreciating the cultural attractions of the coutry they contribute largely to the regional growth. The festival sector of Asutralia has developed to be proactive in the areas of environmental sustainability, economic growth and socio-cultural progession of the country. There are positive impact on the economy that has increased government involbvement as well as attracted international tourists. References: At, D., Unur, K. and Grsoy, D., 2016. The Impacts of Hosting Major Sporting Events: Resident's Perceptions of the Mediterranean Games 2013 in Mersin.International Review of Management and Marketing,6(1). Glassett, M., 2014. Greening The Festival Industry: Using the Triple Bottom Line Approach to Promote Sustainability in Music Events. Mahadevan, R., 2017. Going beyond the economic impact of a regional folk festival for tourism: A case study of Australias woodford festival.Tourism Economics,23(4), pp.744-755. Maussier, B., 2017. The new ethical dimension of sports events: A reflection on the evolution from the ancient Greek Olympic sports festival to postmodern sports events.Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte,12(34). Morey, Y., Bengry-Howell, A., Griffin, C., Szmigin, I. and Riley, S., 2016. Festivals 2.0: Consuming, Producing and Participating in the Extended Festival Experience.The Festivalization of Culture, p.251. Papavasileiou, E., Lyons, S., Shaw, G. and Georgiou, A., 2017. Work values in tourism: Past, present and future.Annals of Tourism Research,64, pp.150-162. Pappas, N., 2016. Focus on World Festivals: Contemporary Case studies and Perspectives.Annals of Tourism Research,60, pp.175-177. Phipps, P., 2016. Indigenous Festivals in Australia: Performing the Postcolonial.Ethnos,81(4), pp.683-696. Wise, N., 2013. Event tourism: concepts, international case studies, and research. Yolal, M., Gursoy, D., Uysal, M., Kim, H.L. and Karacao?lu, S., 2016. Impacts of festivals and events on residents well-being.Annals of Tourism Research,61, pp.1-18.